软件工程师的 Git 命令

介绍

Git 是软件工程师必备的工具，它能够高效地控制版本、进行协作和项目管理。无论您是独立开发项目还是加入大型团队，掌握 Git 命令对于简化开发工作流程都至关重要。本指南涵盖了您所需的最常用 Git 命令，为您管理代码库、跟踪更改以及与其他开发人员协作奠定坚实的基础。熟悉这些命令可以提高您的工作效率并确保项目顺利进行。让我们深入了解每个软件工程师都应该掌握的关键 Git 命令。

配置

1. git 配置
Purpose: Configure Git settings, such as user name and email.

Example: git config --global user.name "Your Name"

2. git init
Purpose: Initialize a new Git repository.

Example: git init

3. git 克隆
Purpose: Clone an existing repository.

Example: git clone https://github.com/user/repo.git

4. git 状态
Purpose: Show the working directory and staging area status.

Example: git status

5. git add
Purpose: Add file contents to the index (staging area).

Example: git add . (add all files)

6. git 提交
Purpose: Record changes to the repository.

Example: git commit -m "Commit message"

7. git push
Purpose: Update remote refs along with associated objects.

Example: git push origin main

8. git pull
Purpose: Fetch from and integrate with another repository or local branch.

Example: git pull origin main

9. git 分支
Purpose: List, create, or delete branches.

Example: git branch new-branch (create new branch)

10. git 签出
Purpose: Switch branches or restore working tree files.

Example: git checkout new-branch (switch to branch)

11. git 开关
Purpose: Switch branches.

Example: git switch new-branch

12. git 合并
Purpose: Join two or more development histories together.

Example: git merge new-branch (merge new-branch into current branch)

13. git rebase
Purpose: Reapply commits on top of another base tip.

Example: git rebase main

14. git 日志
Purpose: Show commit logs.

Example: git log --oneline

15. git diff
Purpose: Show changes between commits, commit and working tree, etc.

Example: git diff (show unstaged changes)

16. git 显示
Purpose: Show various types of objects.

Example: git show HEAD (show changes in the last commit)

17. git 存储
Purpose: Stash the changes in a dirty working directory away.

Example: git stash

18. git stash pop
Purpose: Apply the changes recorded in the stash to the working directory.

Example: git stash pop

19. git 清理
Purpose: Remove untracked files from the working directory.

Example: git clean -fd

20. git 远程
Purpose: Manage set of tracked repositories.

Example: git remote add origin https://github.com/user/repo.git

21. git fetch
Purpose: Download objects and refs from another repository.

Example: git fetch origin

22. git remote -v
Purpose: Show the URLs that a remote name corresponds to.

Example: git remote -v

23. git 标签
Purpose: Create, list, delete, or verify a tag object.

Example: git tag -a v1.0 -m "Version 1.0"

24. git push origin --tags
Purpose: Push all tags to the remote repository.

Example: git push origin --tags

25. git 重置
Purpose: Reset current HEAD to the specified state.

Example: git reset --hard HEAD~1 (reset to previous commit)

26. git 恢复
Purpose: Create a new commit that undoes the changes from a previous commit.

Example: git revert HEAD

27. git 签出——
Purpose: Discard changes in the working directory.

Example: git checkout -- file.txt (discard changes in file.txt)

28. git cherry-pick
Purpose: Apply the changes introduced by some existing commits.

Example: git cherry-pick <commit-hash>

29. git 分支 -d
Purpose: Delete a branch.

Example: git branch -d branch-name

30. git 分支 -D
Purpose: Force delete a branch.

Example: git branch -D branch-name

31. git merge --no-ff
Purpose: Create a merge commit even when the merge resolves as a fast-forward.

Example: git merge --no-ff new-branch

32. git rebase -i
Purpose: Start an interactive rebase.

Example: git rebase -i HEAD~3

33. git diff --staged
Purpose: Show changes between the index and the last commit.

Example: git diff --staged

34. git blame

Purpose: Show what revision and author last modified each line of a file.

Example: git blame file.txt

35. git log——图表
Purpose: Show a graph of the commit history.

Example: git log --graph --oneline

36. git 引用日志
Purpose: Show a log of all references.

Example: git reflog

37. git 存储列表
Purpose: List all stashes.

Example: git stash list

38. git 存储应用
Purpose: Apply a stash to the working directory.

Example: git stash apply stash@{1}

39. 删除 git 存储
Purpose: Remove a single stash entry from the list of stashes.

Example: git stash drop stash@{1}

40. git 远程显示
Purpose: Show information about the remote repository.

Example: git remote show origin

41. git 远程 rm
Purpose: Remove a remote.

Example: git remote rm origin

42. git pull --rebase
Purpose: Fetch and rebase the current branch on top of the upstream branch.

Example: git pull --rebase origin main

43. git fetch --all

Purpose: Fetch all remotes.

Example: git fetch --all

44. git 二分法
Purpose: Use binary search to find the commit that introduced a bug.

Example: git bisect start

45. git 子模块
Purpose: Initialize, update, or inspect submodules.

Example: git submodule update --init

46. git 归档
Purpose: Create an archive of files from a named tree.

Example: git archive --format=tar HEAD > archive.tar

47. git 简报
Purpose: Summarize git log output.

Example: git shortlog -s -n

48. git 描述

Purpose: Give an object a human-readable name based on an available ref.

Example: git describe --tags

49. git rev-parse
Purpose: Parse revision (or other objects) and retrieve its hash.

Example: git rev-parse HEAD

50. git 标签 -d
Purpose: Delete a tag from the local repository.

Example: git tag -d v1.0

51. git checkout -b
Purpose: Create and switch to a new branch.

Example: git checkout -b new-branch

52. git push 原点--删除
Purpose: Delete a remote branch.

Example: git push origin --delete branch-name

53. git cherry
Purpose: Find commits not merged upstream.

Example: git cherry -v

54. git rm
Purpose: Remove files from the working tree and from the index.

Example: git rm file.txt

55. git mv
Purpose: Move or rename a file, directory, or symlink.

Example: git mv oldname.txt newname.txt

.56 git 重置 HEAD
Purpose: Unstage changes.

Example: git reset HEAD file.txt

57. git log -p
Purpose: Show changes over time for a specific file.

Example: git log -p file.txt

58. git diff --cached
Purpose: Show changes between the index and the last commit (same as --staged).

Example: git diff --cached

59. git 应用
Purpose: Apply a patch to files and/or to the index.

Example: git apply patch.diff

60. git 格式补丁
Purpose: Prepare patches for e-mail submission.

Example: git format-patch -1 HEAD

61. git am
Purpose: Apply a series of patches from a mailbox.

Example: git am < patch.mbox

62. git cherry-pick --continue
Purpose: Resume cherry-picking after resolving conflicts.

Example: git cherry-pick --continue

63. git fsck
Purpose: Verify the connectivity and validity of objects in the database.

Example: git fsck

64. git 垃圾回收
Purpose: Cleanup unnecessary files and optimize the local repository.

Example: git gc

65. git 修剪
Purpose: Remove unreachable objects from the object database.

Example: git prune

66. git 注释
Purpose: Add or inspect object notes.

Example: git notes add -m "Note message"

67. git 发生了什么变化
Purpose: Show what changed, similar to git log.

Example: git whatchanged

* 68. git 显示分支 *
Purpose: Show branches and their commits.

Example: git show-branch

69. git 验证标签
Purpose: Check the GPG signature of tags.

Example: git verify-tag v1.0

70. git show-ref
Purpose: List references in a local repository.

Example: git show-ref

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